I do not know specifically, but being a machinist for 30+ years, my guess is 1045 steel or 4140 chromoly. Heat treated. Both retain their tolerance after heat treat & have a stress fatigue & wear resistance rating that's suited for gears. 1045 or 4140 can be truly oven heat treated, not suitable for carburizing like 1018. Both withstand shock & wear resistance. 4140 will have better corrosion resistance & strength, being an alloy. Black oxide would be used for either. Another material could be ETD-150 pre-hard. That is very similar to 4140 or 4142, yet stronger. ETD-150 can be used as bar stock, it comes in Rockwell 32 hardness & can be heat treated up to 62rc. 1045 can get up to around 50rc & 4140 can be as well. My guess= 1045 medium carbon steel. Easy to machine, & not as expensive as the other mentioned alloys, heat treats easily.
*I didn't use Google for any of that. Just from memory.